VRI PHYTOMEDICINE as a platform for publishing standard articles

Dear Scholars,

VRI Phytomedicine is an international reputed journal. It publishes articles related to Phyto-chemistry, Pharmacology, Plant medicine, Botony etc. We will be over whelmed to encourage young researchers, students who are interested to publish articles of their projects, researches’ etc. Research articles, Review articles, Short communications, Letter to the editor are welcome and are utmost encouraged.  Though the journal has just published its first issue, it has received articles of international repute from various countries like Brazil, Egypt and Africa.               

Scientists and researchers are requested to visit our Website:

http://vedicjournals.com/index.php/PM

For queries and submission fee details contact our Associate editor and Reviewer:

Rohit Gundamaraju

(Associate Editor & Reviewer)

Email: rohit.gundamaraju@gmail.com

Mobile number: 9989689681

Animal models for obesity studies- From the Editor (Rohit Gundamaraju) May 21

Volume: 1 Issue: 2                                                                                                   May: 21

Animal models for obesity studies- From the Editor

Rohit Gundamaraju

Department of  Pharmacology, Malla Reddy Institute of Pharmacy

Obesity models:

Obesity models in animals are used to screen the detrimental effects of obesity in animals and to monitor the efficacy of anti-obesic drugs. Various models are now used on animals like rodents. The following are few animal models used for inducing perfectly.

High fat diet model (Butter induced obesity):

This model is classified under high fat diet model. Butter is used as the hyperlipidemic inducer in animal. 400mg of butter/Kg b.wt dissolved in 10ml of buffered saline is used for the induction of hypolipidemic rats.

High fat diet model (Cafeteria diet model):

Cafeteria diets (CD) animal models of obesity have been reported to bear close resemblance to human obesity. Cafeteria diet is the combination of different composition like supermarket highly palatable food. Cafeteria diets have been previously reported to increase energy intake and cause obesity in humans as well as animal. The cafeteria diet consisted of 3 diets (condensed  milk, 48g + bread, 48g), (chocolate, 18g + biscuits, 36g + dried coconut, 36g), (cheese, 48g + boiled potatoes, 60g).

High fat diet model (with corn oil and milk):

This high fat diet contains 23% whole wheat, 23% yellow corn, 11% barley, 17% milk., 1% bone meal, 1 % calcium chloride, 1% sodium chloride, 11% coconut oil, 11% butter and one multi vitamin capsule.

Hyper caloric diet model (Atherogenic diet Induced obesity):

Atherogenic diet (AD) is a hyper caloric diet and is prepared by mixing the following constituents in fixed percentage. The mentioned percentage is for 100g diet. The feed was prepared, dried and administered every day in morning to animals with water ad libitum. Atherogenic diet formula:

1. Cholesterol : 1%

2. Cholic acid : 0.5%

3. Olive oil : 5%

Mono sodium glutamate induced obesity:

The administration of MSG to newborn rats results in distinctive lesions in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons. The neuronal loss impairs insulin and leptin signaling and impacts energy balance as well as pituitary and adrenal activity. In contrast to other models of obesity, MSG-treated rats are characterized by increased plasma levels of corticosterone as well as increased lipo- genesis and reduced lipolysis in the adipose tissue, despite their normophagia.

Progesterone induced obesity:

Progesterone is basically the harmone of pregnancy and motherhood. It plays an important role in the various activities and changes during pregnancy. It basically shows changes in the reproductive areas and organs like breast and other areas like endometrium. In some conditions, progesterone is a type of hormone where the female animals tend to eat more as an increase in the metabolism for the sake of various physiological functions in the body. So in this animal experiment model, the obesity is induced by the means of steroidal nature. By the administration of progesterone, the animals tend to eat more than the animals fed with normal diet, and there is considerable increase in the body weight and other parameters.

Animal models as the boon of nature- From the Editor (Rohit Gundamaraju)

Volume: 1 Issue: 2                                                                                                   May: 15

Animal models as the boon of nature- From the Editor

Rohit Gundamaraju

Department of  Pharmacology, Malla Reddy Institute of Pharmacy

Research areas like pharmacology and toxicology did count on animal models since ages. An animal model is basically considered as a living, non-human animal accommodated in the research and investigation of human disease, for the purpose of better understanding the disease without the added risk of harming an actual human being during the process. The animals called will usually accommodated a bent taxonomic adequation to humans, so as to acknowledge to disease or its analysis in a way that resembles human physiology as needed. Many drugs, treatments and cures for human diseases accept been developed with the use of animal models.

Rodents are the most commonly used vertebrate species, popular because of their availability, size, low cost, ease of handling, and fast reproduction rate . They are widely considered to be the prime model of inherited human disease and share 99% of their genes with humans. Rodents and other mammals like hamsters, primates, dogs, cats, pigs, sheep and horse were employed in animal models. There were many successful activities done on these antecedents of Mother Nature.

Many such animals are serving human kind for the escalation of research in various fields of science. It is with these creatures we are able to succeed in the field of research and able to flow the chain of novel drugs into the market. We should be ever thankful to the nature for a boon it has gifted us.

Research: The reincarnation- A High Impact Short Communication (Ravichandra Vemuri)

Volume: 1 Issue: 1                                                                                                   April: 4

                           

Research: The reincarnation- A High Impact Short Communication

Ravichandra Vemuri

Department of  Pharmacy, Priyadarshini College of Pharmacy

The word “Research” is so reverberating and most clichéd these days. One in every hundred science students utter this word every second (not based on any survey, but by personal observation). However, the actually meaning of it is overlooked. This blog or this overview is not intended define research to you all, but this will help student know what actual research is. In retrospect, things thrived from nadir to zenith level in terms of sophistications. By inventions in past, one can say that people ventured into things and invented things without any prototypes. Now, the so-called researchers are taking the prototypes/archetypes and ameliorating them. By the above statement I would like to streamline the importance of unprecedented inventions in the past. All the inventions, discoveries in past were done practically, there were neither SOPs nor guidelines followed. I wonder how they could manage to do so.  After a lot of vacillating thoughts and my professional experience, I found this is due to sheer interest. This interest led them to found the unprecedented things, and is the prime to do research.

 Another important thing to develop as a researcher is develop a good thought process. An apple falling from a tree noticed by Isaac Newton led to the discovery of the famous Newton laws. This was possible only due the thought process. Unless, Newton gave a thought about it, there wouldn’t have been the laws of motion. This small thing influenced him to think in depth. If interest is the first step, then thought process is the second one.

 Till today, I believe “need” is the mother of all researches. Everything has its pros n cons. All the drug research for example is intended for need and human use. If not to become opulent, one should research in order to be at least helpful to few.  Graham Bell, the eminent inventor of telephone is the perfect example for the above. If one would find about the reason for invention of hearing aids which became the precursor for the discovery of the Telephone. Bell’s mother suffered hearing impairment, due to which he developed an instrument for hearing at age of 12.

To conclude, the amalgam of interest, thought process and need is research. So, I urge all to show interest, think well and serve the need of the hour.

 With due respect towards the researchers and research, this blog gives a chance and unique opportunity to all the students\ professionals to think out page and present their articles. The articles publishing is free of cost, the articles would be published after severe scrutiny of content. All copyrights reserved only to authors.

Morgellons disease: A mystic skin ailment- A High Impact Short Communication (Diana Vivian Atigari)

Volume: 1 Issue: 1                                                                                                   April: 4

 Morgellons disease: A mystic skin ailment- A High Impact Short Communication

               

                                                               Diana Vivian Atigari*

             Department of Pharmacolgy ,  Malla Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,                 

                          Maisammaguda , Dhulapally(Post via Hakimpet), Secunderabad ( 500014) ,AP, India.

                       

                        *Corresponding Author E-mail; diana.vivian7@gmail.com

              

Today, Morgellons stands as a very poorly understood disease. Unfortunately, the disease is usually disfiguring as well as disabling.

                                              

                 

Morgellons disease is the popular name for an unexplained skin disorder characterized by disfiguring sores and crawling sensations on and under the skin. This disease also features fibers or solid materials emerging from these sores.

Besides the sensations underneath their skin, the inflicted will suffer from persistent itchy sores and rashes all over the skin and from time to time develop multicolored (blue, black or red) fiber like protrusions within their sores and the surrounding skin.

                                                 

                        

Morgellons has drawn increasing attention since 2002. The disease is classified by biting, itching, or crawling sensations, filaments that grow from the skin, and skin lesions, as well as memory loss, joint paint, and fatigue. Adults and children are equally afflicted by the illness.

Morgellons is still not recognized by the entire medical community, but there have been about 2,000 people who believe they suffer from the disease. Some of the reports are children, who are said to be unable to do normal things such as going to school or playing sports. There is no known cure or effective treatment for Morgellons.There is no definitive understanding of how the disease is transmitted. There is no conclusive evidence showing whether it is contagious. A cure will be pursued when enough research is done to find its cause.

Volume:1 April:4 Contemporary Advances in Anti-Obesic Drugs- Short Communication

Volume: 1 Issue: 1                                                                                                   April: 4

Contemporary Advances in Anti-Obesic Drugs- Short Communication

Rohit Gundamaraju^1*

¹ Department of Pharmacolgy ,  Malla Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ,                  

              Maisammaguda ,Dhulapally(Post via Hakimpet) ,Secunderabad (500014)           

                                                                AP,India.

Recent advances in the understanding of energy balance control have resulted in the exploitation of a large number of new targets, some of which have yielded promising data in clinical trials for weight loss. A second major trend is derived from the hypothesis that improved weight loss efficacy over current therapy is more likely to emerge from treatments targeting multiple mechanisms of energy balance control. Many of these approaches also utilize advances in formulation technology to widen safety margins. Finally, the practicality of peptide therapies for obesity has become better validated in recent studies, and this may allow more rapid exploitation of novel targets, rather than awaiting the development of orally available small molecules. Despite the limitations of current drugs and their declining use in some jurisdiction, anti-obesity drugs still accounted for sales of nearly a half billion US dollars in the seven largest global markets during 2000. Since overall sales of anti-obesity drugs projected to at least triple by 2010, development of effective drugs has become a research priority and an area

of intense clinical interest.

The new anti-obesity drugs under clinical development include agents affecting peripheral and central mechanisms. In the first group, we can include gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor (cetilistat), amylin and leptin analogs, thermogenic agents, that is, selective β3 receptor agonists, agonist of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (Exendin-4, Liraglutide). In the second group, we can consider agents that modulate the central activity of neuropeptides influencing food intake and including antiepilepsy drugs (topiramate, zonisamide), noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (bupropion, tesofensine) that were studied in monotherapy or in combination (bupropion-naltrexone and phenterminetopiramate); human ciliary neurotrophic factor (axokine), human GH fragment (AOD9604, AOD9401), melanocortin receptor selective agonists (MC4R), melanin-concentrating hormone antagonists, serotoninergic drugs including selective 5-HT2C receptor agonists (lorcaserin), components of neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling pathway (CAMKK2).

Volume 1: April 4th: Editorial Post

Volume 1   Editorial issue:

Dear young success seekers,

This research journal blog provides you with all the freedom to post your views and elements in the field of pharmacy and medicine. This thought rooted in my mind when I was thinking about the “future India”. The major aspect which is lacking in our country is “encouragement” for research and wide thinking abilities. Understanding a single mechanism about any facet in the human body will surely unravel many things. There are many mysteries yet to be untwined which will answer many questions. Many illnesses are throwing challenges to researchers. Answer for every issue comes from a single word “thinking” and understanding the core.